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http://www.reference.com/search?q=teachingIn France the teachers (professeurs) are mainly civil servants, recruted by competitive examination. The primary education teachers (professeurs des écoles) study at IUFM (University Institute for Formation of Teachers). The high school teachers must hold the CAPES (certificate for teaching in secundary education) or the agrégation. They are called professeur certifié or professeur agrégé, depending on the exam they pass. The postulants to these formations must have completed undergraduate studies (for IUFM and CAPES) or graduate studies (often a MA for the agrégation). Even the teachers in private schools must pass an exam (the CAPEPS - certificate for teaching in private secundary education) and are civil servants. However, any holder of a licentiate (bachelor's degree equivalent) can teach on a non-permanent basis.
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